HMML Namespace
HMML Authority Description Schema
This ontology defines the classes and properties utilized within the HMML Authority File (HAF) linked open data export formats. HMML authorities are designed to support the historical identification and differentiation of persons, organizations, families, places, and works.
The HAF schema makes use of linked open data principles to describe entities in terms of relationships. When possible, the data has been mapped to several of the most prominent and stable linked data namespaces: SKOS, schema.org, MADS/RDF, and Dublin Core. This HMML namespace supplements these where necessary. It is described here as an OWL ontology.
Properties
Classes
Class: Agent
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#Agent
Disjoint with: hmml:Place, hmml:Work
Equivalent Class: dct:Agent
SubClass Of: schema:Thing
Comment: An agent is any entity capable of acting in the world. An agent is either an individual person, a family, or a corporate body.
Class: CreativeWork
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#CreativeWork
Disjoint with: hmml:Agent, hmml:Place
Equivalent Class: schema:CreativeWork
SubClass Of: schema:Thing
Comment: This is an assemblage of concepts and ideas into an artistic or intellectual expression as the product of one or more agents' intellectual process; examples include books, essays, poems, musical compositions, performances, etc. Notably, a work is the concept of that artistic expression, rather than a particular expression or manifestation of it. For instance, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is a work, but any physical edition of it is a manifestation of that work. Works can be simple or complex, short or long; they may include other works. Note that this database is an aid to identifying works, rather than an attempt to catalog them. Therefore, properties will indicate information useful for citation and identification, not full description.
Class: Entity
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#Entity
Equivalent Class: schema:Thing
SubClass Of: owl:Thing
Comment: This class represents everything: all people, places, things, concepts, etc., within the universe of this ontology. It is the superclass for everything. Its purpose within the ontology is to be associated with properties for administrative data, identification, and notes that can also be applied to all of its subclasses.
Class: Expression
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#Expression
SubClass Of: schema:Thing
Comment: This is a particular expression of a work, which will usually be a translation into a particular language.
Class: Family
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#Family
Disjoint with: hmml:Person, hmml:Organization
SubClass Of: hmml:Agent
Comment: A family is 'Two or more persons related by birth, marriage, adoption, civil union, or similar legal status, or who otherwise present themselves as a family.' (RDA 8.1.2) For HMML's purposes, this will commonly represent historical families of note for the manuscript traditions collected by repositories. For many of these families, distinguishing information beyond surname will be required for disambiguation (such as associated location, dates, etc.).
Class: Organization
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#Organization
Disjoint with: hmml:Person, hmml:Family
Equivalent Class: schema:Organization
SubClass Of: hmml:Agent
Comment: This represents any group of persons or organizations, such as an organization, office, or corporate entity, which is identified by a particular name and can act as a unit. Some of these will be obvious (e.g., a religious house or university, a business or company, a government or governmental department, or a scholarly/social organization), and others will be less so (e.g., an office, like the Pope, which exists as a continuing corporate entity separate from the individual person who holds that office; an ad hoc event like a conference or council; a vessel, such as a ship).
Class: Person
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#Person
Disjoint with: hmml:Organization, hmml:Family
Equivalent Class: schema:Person
SubClass Of: hmml:Agent
Comment: This represents any individual person, whether ‘real’ or fictional, to whom one or more identities might be assigned. This class is designed not to capture the physical and epistemological personhood of individuals and all the events of their lives, but rather to disambiguate them from other persons, represent their biographical information, and connect them to other people, places, and works.
Class: Place
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#Place
Disjoint with: hmml:Agent, hmml:CreativeWork
Equivalent Class: schema:Place
SubClass Of: schema:Thing
Comment: A place is the physical embodiment of a location, usually (but not always) geographically fixed on the surface of the earth. It may reference somewhere that is physically real (e.g., Mali) or fictional (e.g. Narnia). A place may reference a geographical feature of the physical world (e.g., a mountain, lake, river, etc.), an object or location entity culturally produced by humans (a city, house, monument, building, landmark, etc.), or a mapped area defined as associated with a culture or corporate body (e.g., a country, state, county, province, county, etc.). Some places continue to exist, while others existed historically but have since been lost, destroyed, renamed, or combined/reimagined as parts of other places.
Properties
Property: admissionDateOrderOfMalta
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#admissionDateOrderOfMalta
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:Person
Comment: This is the date of admission for members into the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem/Order of Malta.
Property: alternateIdentity
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#alternateIdentity
Range: schema:Person
Domain: schema:Person
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This property relates a person to another identity they claim, such as a pseudonym. This is a relationship designator from the Resource Description and Access (RDA) cataloging standard.
Property: alternateIncipit
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#alternateIncipit
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: hmml:Expression
Comment: This is an alternate initial line of the text, in this version/language (perhaps from different manuscripts).
Property: associatedLanguage
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#associatedLanguage
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:Thing
Comment: This property can be used to indicate a relationship between any entity and an associated language. If a more specific property is available (e.g., knowsLanguage, inLanguage, originalLanguage), use it instead.
Property: associatedName
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#associatedName
Range: hmml:Agent
Domain: schema:CreativeWork
Comment: This is any agent (person, organization, or family) with whom the work is associated. Always use a more specific property if it is appropriate.
Property: associatedOrganization
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#associatedOrganization
Range: schema:Organization
Domain: hmml:Family
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This property allows a family to be related to an organization they founded, supported, etc. For example, noble families often found or support family foundations or confraternities.
ReflexiveProperty: associatedWith
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#associatedWith
Range: hmml:Agent
Domain: hmml:Agent
Comment: This property may be used to indicate any other association or relationship with any agent (person, corporate body, or family). When a more specific relationship applies, it should be used instead.
Property: attributedTo
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#attributedTo
Range: hmml:Agent
Domain: schema:CreativeWork
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedName
Comment: This indicates a tentative link to an agent who may be the author of the work, but it may be incorrect.
Property: century
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#century
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:Thing
Comment: This is the century assigned to an entity, primarily for search purposes.
Property: character
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#character
Range: hmml:Agent
Domain: schema:CreativeWork
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedName
Comment: This is a fictional agent connected to a creative work.
Property: coatOfArms
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#coatOfArms
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:Thing
Comment: This is a text description of the relevant coat of arms.
ReflexiveProperty: colleague
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#colleague
Range: schema:Person
Domain: schema:Person
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This property relates a person to a fellow member of a profession, staff, or academic faculty. This is a relationship designator from the Resource Description and Access (RDA) cataloging standard.
Property: commentator
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#commentator
Range: hmml:Agent
Domain: schema:CreativeWork
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedName
Comment: This is the person, family, or organization who has written a commentary on this work. This will be particularly useful for tracing medieval scholarship.
Property: commissioner
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#commissioner
Range: hmml:Agent
Domain: schema:CreativeWork
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedName
Comment: This is the person, family, or organization who commissioned a creative work.
Property: coreTextAuthor
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#coreTextAuthor
Range: hmml:Agent
Domain: schema:CreativeWork
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedName
Comment: This is the author of the creative work or 'core text' that the creative work critiques, analyzes, or discusses. For example, a commentary on a major religious treatise would cite the author of the original treatise, of which text may be included, as a coreTextAuthor.
Property: corporateType
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#corporateType
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:Organization
Comment: This describes the type of corporate body being described. For example: institution, repository, ship, organization, church, musical group, etc. When possible, the term will be taken from the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) controlled vocabulary.
Property: country
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#country
Range: schema:Place
Domain: hmml:Agent
SubProperty Of: madsrdf:associatedLocale
Comment: This is the country with which agents are associated, sometimes defined as their nationality, but it may also include countries with which the individual is heavily associated, even if they never resided there as a citizen. Such determinations can be complicated when approaching historical subject matter due to shifting names, borders, and affiliations. This term may be used to apply to either 1) modern countries, to associate an agent with a well-understood geographical region in contemporary terms, or 2) historic nations/countries/political entities, to record historical affiliations, if desired. For example, one individual may be assigned to both 'Iran' and 'Persia,'' for increased findability.
Property: datePublished
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#datePublished
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:CreativeWork
Comment: This is the date on which the creative work was originally published.
Property: dedicatee
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#dedicatee
Range: hmml:Agent
Domain: schema:CreativeWork
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedName
Comment: This is the person, family, or organization to whom a creative work is dedicated.
Property: descendantFamily
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#descendantFamily
Range: hmml:Family
Domain: hmml:Family
Inverse Of: hmml:descendantFamilyOf
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This relates a family to a family that is its descendant. This is a relationship designator from the Resource Description and Access (RDA) cataloging standard.
Property: descendantFamilyOf
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#descendantFamilyOf
Range: hmml:Family
Domain: hmml:Family
Inverse Of: hmml:descendantFamily
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This relates a family to a family of which it is a descendant. This is a relationship designator from the Resource Description and Access (RDA) cataloging standard.
Property: expressedAs
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#expressedAs
Range: hmml:Expression
Domain: schema:CreativeWork
Comment: This links the work to its expressions, for instance, its translations into multiple languages.
Property: family
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#family
Range: schema:Family
Domain: schema:Person
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This property relates a person to a family to which they belong, or with which they identify. This is a relationship designator from the Resource Description and Access (RDA) cataloging standard.
ReflexiveProperty: fellowStudent
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#fellowStudent
Range: schema:Person
Domain: schema:Person
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This property relates a person who is a student to another student who studied with or attended the same school with them. This is a relationship designator from the Resource Description and Access (RDA) cataloging standard.
Property: founder
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#founder
Range: hmml:Agent
Domain: schema:Organization
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This is an agent who originally founded the corporate body. Note that sometimes an organization is founded by a person, a family, another organization, or a combination of these.
ReflexiveProperty: friend
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#friend
Range: schema:Person
Domain: schema:Person
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This property relates a person to another person publicly acknowledged as a friend or acquaintance. This is a relationship designator from the Resource Description and Access (RDA) cataloging standard.
Property: funder
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#funder
Range: hmml:Agent
Domain: schema:Organization
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This is an agent that supports (sponsors) something through some kind of financial contribution.
Property: genealogy
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#genealogy
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: hmml:Family
Comment: This will be used for families as an open note to describe the genealogy of families.
Property: genreForm
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#genreForm
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:CreativeWork
Comment: This describes the genre or form of the work, as taken from the HMML controlled vocabulary, derives from the Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Section (RBMS) of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL).
Property: geo
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#geo
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:Place
Comment: These are the associated geographic coordinates of the place, using the latitude, longitude format, as in: 9.024325, 38.749226.
Property: graduateOf
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#graduateOf
Range: schema:Organization
Domain: schema:Person
SubProperty Of: hmml:studentAt
Comment: This relates a person to an institution or faculty that granted an academic degree to a person. This is a relationship designator from the Resource Description and Access (RDA) cataloging standard.
Property: hasOccupation
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#hasOccupation
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:Person
Comment: This is the profession or occupation of the person, in very general terms (e.g., 'University professors' or 'Teacher,'' with more specific details about the affiliation appearing elsewhere). When possible, the term will be taken from the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) controlled vocabulary.
Property: hereditaryTitle
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#hereditaryTitle
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: hmml:Family
Comment: For noble families, this is the title that is associated with that family line.
Property: incipit
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#incipit
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: hmml:Expression
Comment: This is the most canonically recognized initial line of the text, in this version/language.
Property: ism
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#ism
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: hmml:Person
SubProperty Of: rdfs:label
Comment: Used for Arabic names, this property indicates the given name, a 'personal, proper name given shortly after birth,'' such as Muḥammad or Alī.
Property: kunyah
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#kunyah
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:Person
SubProperty Of: rdfs:label
Comment: Used for Arabic names, this property indicates an appellation, an honorific name that indicates parenthood, such as 'Abū Dā’ūd' (father of Dā’ūd) or 'Umm Dā’ūd' (mother of Dā’ūd).
Property: laqab
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#laqab
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:Person
SubProperty Of: rdfs:label
Comment: Used for Arabic names, this property indicates a descriptive epithet, which is 'a combination of words making up a byname or epithet, usually religious, relating to nature, descriptive of some admirable quality the person had,' such as 'al-Rashīd' (the rightly guided).
Property: misattributedTo
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#misattributedTo
Range: hmml:Agent
Domain: schema:CreativeWork
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedName
Comment: This indicates a typical attribution to an agent who has sometimes been considered the author of the work, but it is definitely incorrect.
Property: nasab
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#nasab
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:Person
SubProperty Of: rdfs:label
Comment: Used for Arabic names, this property indicates a 'patronymic or a series of patronymics that designate one individual as the son or daughter of someone,' such as 'ibn Muḥammad' (son of Muḥammad) or 'bint Muḥammad' (daughter of Muḥammad).
Property: nativeScriptPrefName
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#nativeScriptPrefName
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:Thing
SubProperty Of: rdfs:label
Comment: This is the preferred native script version of the preferred label, and is used to standardize the native script. Variants in native script will be recorded as alternate names.
Property: nisbah
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#nisbah
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:Person
SubProperty Of: rdfs:label
Comment: Used for Arabic names, this property indicates a surname attributing some quality to a person, such as an occupation, descent from a tribe or family lineage, or geographical affiliation.
Property: officerOf
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#officerOf
Range: schema:Organization
Domain: schema:Person
SubProperty Of: schema:affiliation, hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This relates a person holding an office in or commanding a corporate body to that corporate body. This is a relationship designator from the Resource Description and Access (RDA) cataloging standard.
Property: originalLanguage
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#originalLanguage
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:CreativeWork
Comment: This property describes the original language of a creative work, not translations.
Property: patron
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#patron
Range: hmml:Agent
Domain: schema:CreativeWork
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedName
Comment: This is the person, family, or organization who paid for a manuscript work to be produced.
Property: placeType
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#placeType
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:Place
Comment: This property assigns a descriptive term to a place, describing as a certain geographic entity, such it as a city, province, country, continent, etc. When possible, the term will be taken from the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) controlled vocabulary.
Property: predecessorOrganization
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#predecessorOrganization
Range: schema:Organization
Domain: schema:Organization
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This represents the corporate body that preceded the described corporate body. For instance, its name may have changed, or it may have branched off from another organization, etc.
Property: publicationHistory
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#publicationHistory
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:CreativeWork
Comment: This is the free-text description of the work's publication history. This will typically be designed to help with identification, rather than providing a full, detailed bibliographic history.
Property: realIdentity
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#realIdentity
Range: schema:Person
Domain: schema:Person
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This property relates a pseudonymous person to their real identity. This is a relationship designator from the Resource Description and Access (RDA) cataloging standard.
Property: relatedWork
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#relatedWork
Range: hmml:CreativeWork
Domain: schema:CreativeWork
Comment: This indicates a generic relationship between two works. Always use a more specific term, if applicable.
Property: religiousName
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#religiousName
Range: rdfs:Literal
Domain: schema:Person
SubProperty Of: rdfs:label
Comment: This is a name given to a person for a religious purpose, such as upon conversion, baptism, confirmation, monastic profession, ordination as a priest/bishop/pope, etc.
Property: sponsorOf
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#sponsorOf
Range: schema:Organization
Domain: schema:Person
SubProperty Of: schema:affiliation, hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This relates a person sponsoring a corporate body to that corporate body. This is a relationship designator from the Resource Description and Access (RDA) cataloging standard.
Property: student
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#student
Range: schema:Person
Domain: schema:Person
Inverse Of: hmml:teacher
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This property relates a person to the students whom they taught. This is a relationship designator from the Resource Description and Access (RDA) cataloging standard.
Property: studentAt
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#studentAt
Range: schema:Organization
Domain: schema:Person
SubProperty Of: schema:affiliation, hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This relates a person to an educational institution that provides instruction to a person. Graduation is not necessary. This is a relationship designator from the Resource Description and Access (RDA) cataloging standard.
Property: successorOrganization
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#successorOrganization
Range: schema:Organization
Domain: schema:Organization
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This represents the corporate body that succeeded the described corporate body. For instance, its name may have changed, or it may have branched off from another organization, etc.
Property: teacher
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#teacher
Range: schema:Person
Domain: schema:Person
Inverse Of: hmml:student
SubProperty Of: hmml:associatedWith
Comment: This property relates a person to a teacher with whom they studied. This is a relationship designator from the Resource Description and Access (RDA) cataloging standard.
Property: translator
URI: https://hmml.org/ontology/#translator
Range: hmml:Agent
Domain: hmml:Expression
Comment: This is the translator of a creative work.