Editorials Stories
HMML Stories — Editorials
Curators and catalogers examine how specific themes appear across HMML’s collections.
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![What Are The Animals Trying To Tell Us?](../../../assets/img/500x280/ad-pn3_ELIT_AQB_01575_004r_500x280.jpg)
What Are The Animals Trying To Tell Us?
“In historical Timbuktu—as in any part of the pre-modern world—animals were...”
- Dr. Ali Diakite and Dr. Paul Naylor
![The Mysteries & Rhythms of Nature, Seasons, and Time in the Armenian Liturgical Calendar](../../../assets/img/500x280/AS_Weather3_bzan00585_170r_169v_500x280.jpg)
The Mysteries & Rhythms of Nature, Seasons, and Time in the Armenian Liturgical Calendar
“Interwoven tapestry of the natural and spiritual worlds as observed through the Armenian liturgical calendar...”
- Dr. Ani Shahinian
![Contesting Saint Paul’s Shipwreck](../../../assets/img/500x280/dg-weather_hmml-00425_500x280.jpg)
Contesting Saint Paul’s Shipwreck
“The most famous weather event in Maltese history occurred in the first century CE when...”
- Dr. Daniel K. Gullo
![An Excerpt on the Properties of April’s Rain in a Curious Collection of Arabic Texts Found in One Manuscript](../../../assets/img/500x280/CG-weather-1-Prologue_500x280.jpg)
An Excerpt on the Properties of April’s Rain in a Curious Collection of Arabic Texts Found in One Manuscript
“The term “April showers” derives from the frequency of short and regular showers that are...”
- Dr. Celeste Gianni
![Eclipses in Early Muslim History — Between Myth and Reality](../../../assets/img/500x280/AP-weather_ELIT_AQB_01974_001v_500x280.jpg)
Eclipses in Early Muslim History — Between Myth and Reality
“The best-known eclipse mentioned in Muslim sources was the solar eclipse that occurred on...”
- Dr. Ali Diakite and Dr. Paul Naylor
![Remembering an Earthquake](../../../assets/img/500x280/JM-Earth_ZMT_01291_001_500x280.jpg)
Remembering an Earthquake
“Many of the regions where HMML has worked are no stranger to earthquakes...”
- Dr. Josh Mugler
![The Frozen Tigris and Other Remarkable Weather Events Described in Syriac Colophons](../../../assets/img/500x280/JW-nature1_ACK_00053_105r_500x280.jpg)
The Frozen Tigris and Other Remarkable Weather Events Described in Syriac Colophons
“In the days before social media, how did people share a noteworthy weather phenomena...”
- Dr. James Walters
![Music Awakens One’s Soul...](../../../assets/img/500x280/AS_music1_apia00083_111r_110v_500x280.jpg)
Music Awakens One’s Soul...
“An answer to the question of what it means to be human...”
- Dr. Ani Shahinian
![Space Adventure: A Maltese Musical Fantasy for Children](../../../assets/img/500x280/DG-Music6_Malta_Series_I_8093_2_500x280.jpg)
Space Adventure: A Maltese Musical Fantasy for Children
“With their 1962 children’s musical Space Adventure...”
- Dr. Daniel K. Gullo
![Nasheeds from West Africa: Uniting Texts and Sound](../../../assets/img/500x280/APmusic1_SAV_BMH_22545_004r_500x280.jpg)
Nasheeds from West Africa: Uniting Texts and Sound
“All of Timbuktu’s family libraries that were digitized by HMML include numerous compositions that...”
- Dr. Ali Diakite and Dr. Paul Naylor
![A Christmas Hymn Sing-Along](../../../assets/img/500x280/CWmusic_AARB-00271_500x280.jpg)
A Christmas Hymn Sing-Along
“Singing is one of those amazing things...”
- Dr. Catherine Walsh
![Visualizing the Audible: Depictions of Music in a Medieval German Manuscript](../../../assets/img/500x280/JC-music_Freiburg-im-Breisgau-UB-fol-18v_500x280.jpg)
Visualizing the Audible: Depictions of Music in a Medieval German Manuscript
“Although music is an aural and tactile experience, human beings also have a...”
- Dr. Jennifer Carnell
![Do You Hear What I Hear? The Audible and Inaudible in Medieval Music](../../../assets/img/500x280/JC-music_Durham-Hunter-100-fol-11r_500x280.jpg)
Do You Hear What I Hear? The Audible and Inaudible in Medieval Music
“Among HMML’s microfilms of the Durham Cathedral Library...”
- Dr. Jennifer Carnell
![I Know It When I See It (I Think…)](../../../assets/img/500x280/MZ-music12_AARB_00001_IMG_008r_500x280.jpg)
I Know It When I See It (I Think…)
“I’m not a musicologist, but I am an avid fan of music from all times...”
- Dr. Matthew Z. Heintzelman
![Deadly snakes and remedies against their venomous bites in the handy charts of a copy of the “Kitāb al-diryāq” (Book on antidotes)](../../../assets/img/500x280/CG_death_1_Snakes.jpg)
Deadly snakes and remedies against their venomous bites in the handy charts of a copy of the “Kitāb al-diryāq” (Book on antidotes)
“The Arabic manuscript tradition is rich in medical works discussing remedies and...”
- Dr. Celeste Gianni
![Monastic Sisters on Their Deathbed: A Time to Remember](../../../assets/img/500x280/vz_LMMO_00232_100r-500x280.jpg)
Monastic Sisters on Their Deathbed: A Time to Remember
“The book of vows contained one manuscript...”
- Dr. Vevian Zaki
![Instructions for Burial: The Last Will and Testament of Ephrem the Syrian](../../../assets/img/500x280/Walters-DM_ASCBN-00057-500x280.jpg)
Instructions for Burial: The Last Will and Testament of Ephrem the Syrian
“Ephrem is perhaps the most widely known of all Syriac authors...”
- Dr. James Walters
![Monuments to the Dead](../../../assets/img/500x280/kg_dm1_AAP3313-500x280.jpg)
Monuments to the Dead
“Grief, loss, and death itself were very much part of...”
- Katherine Goertz
![Impressions of a Death Foretold: the Execution of Fra Sylvain de Bosredon](../../../assets/img/500x280/dg_dm4_HMZA-00415-500x280.jpg)
Impressions of a Death Foretold: the Execution of Fra Sylvain de Bosredon
“In the days before they were going to kill him, Fra Sylvain de Bosredon woke up early in the morning to the dull sound of...”
- Dr. Daniel K. Gullo
![Treatises of Consolation: Muslim Scholars Comfort Themselves and Others Who Have Lost Children](../../../assets/img/500x280/JM_dm3_GAMS_01240_011-500x280.jpg)
Treatises of Consolation: Muslim Scholars Comfort Themselves and Others Who Have Lost Children
“The Black Death pandemic of the 14th century dramatically reshaped many cultures...”
- Dr. Josh Mugler
![Grief on the Page](../../../assets/img/500x280/AAP2267-500x280.jpg)
Grief on the Page
“How do you represent grief? For Marc Chagall, the Russian-born Jewish artist...”
- Dr. Catherine Walsh
![Gone, but not Forgotten: the Office for the Dead in Books of Hours](../../../assets/img/500x280/MH_F1_HMML_00004_158r-Dead-500x280.jpg)
Gone, but not Forgotten: the Office for the Dead in Books of Hours
“A choir of cowled monks around a shrouded casket, a body being laid into a coffin, a smiling skeletal figure, an old man sitting on a dung heap...”
- Dr. Matthew Z. Heintzelman
![Khalīl Janāwī: Scribe, Collector, and Artist from al-Mīdān of Damascus](../../../assets/img/500x280/vz-scribe2_SPFH_00051_090-500x280.jpg)
Khalīl Janāwī: Scribe, Collector, and Artist from al-Mīdān of Damascus
“Khalīl ibn Jirjis Janāwī was a scribe, a collector of manuscripts, and an artist who was...”
- Dr. Vevian Zaki
![A Scribble of Scribes: Men, Women, and Children Copyists Across Mali’s Manuscript Collections](../../../assets/img/500x280/ad-pn-scribe3_SAV_BMH_21046_001v-500x280.jpg)
A Scribble of Scribes: Men, Women, and Children Copyists Across Mali’s Manuscript Collections
“...each manuscript is an artistic production and requires physical labor performed by a single individual—the scribe...”
- Dr. Ali Diakite and Dr. Paul Naylor
![Build a Church, Build a Library](../../../assets/img/500x280/jm-scribe_MBM_00400_005-500x280.jpg)
Build a Church, Build a Library
“If you want to establish a new church, you’re likely going to need some books...”
- Dr. Josh Mugler
![Tracing Scribal Genealogies in Syriac Manuscripts: The Naṣro Family](../../../assets/img/500x280/js-scribes-image7-500x280.jpg)
Tracing Scribal Genealogies in Syriac Manuscripts: The Naṣro Family
“The act of hand-copying a manuscript requires specialized skills that...”
- Dr. James Walters
![Muḥammad Ṣādiq: A Scribe Between Manuscript and Print Cultures at the Beginning of the 20th Century](../../../assets/img/500x280/CG-scribe-1_Az-Zahiriyah-500x280.jpg)
Muḥammad Ṣādiq: A Scribe Between Manuscript and Print Cultures at the Beginning of the 20th Century
“A great opportunity to look at the interaction between manuscript and print cultures can be found in the Middle East...”
- Dr. Celeste Gianni
![Woodcut Fragments of the 16th Century](../../../assets/img/500x280/AAP0085-500x280.jpg)
Woodcut Fragments of the 16th Century
“HMML’s Art & Photographs collection is full of fragments of the 15th and 16th century...”
- Katherine Goertz
![Johann Wetzstein and the Qurʼan Fragments of Tübingen](../../../assets/img/500x280/JS_Fragment_Ma-VI-157-500x280.jpg)
Johann Wetzstein and the Qurʼan Fragments of Tübingen
“Johann Gottfried Wetzstein served as honorary Prussian consul in Damascus, Syria, from 1849 to 1861...”
- Dr. Josh Mugler
![Medieval Fragments in the Palazzo Falson](../../../assets/img/500x280/DG_Falson_1_IMG_7053-500x280.jpg)
Medieval Fragments in the Palazzo Falson
“When I arrived at the Palazzo Falson in Mdina, Malta...”
- Dr. Daniel K. Gullo
![Poetry and Agriculture, a Fragmentary Scrapbook](../../../assets/img/500x280/cw-frag-HMML_00631_500x280.jpg)
Poetry and Agriculture, a Fragmentary Scrapbook
“Manuscripts are known for their idiosyncratic nature...”
- Dr. Catherine Walsh
![Identifying Syriac Fragments in the Digital Age](../../../assets/img/500x280/JW-Fragment_6-500x280.jpg)
Identifying Syriac Fragments in the Digital Age
“What would you do if someone handed you a page that had clearly been torn out of a book...”
- Dr. James Walters
![Poetic fragments at the Great ʿUmarī Mosque in Gaza](../../../assets/img/500x280/CG_Poems_5_OMM_D0004_002-500x280.jpg)
Poetic fragments at the Great ʿUmarī Mosque in Gaza
“The Great ʿUmarī Mosque in Gaza is the largest and oldest mosque in the Gaza Strip...”
- Dr. Celeste Gianni
![Hiding in the Binding — Fragments in Rare Book Collections at HMML](../../../assets/img/500x280/MH-Fig14_DSCN1449a-500x280.jpg)
Hiding in the Binding — Fragments in Rare Book Collections at HMML
“Much of human history remains for us today only in the form of smaller remnants or fragments...”
- Dr. Matthew Z. Heintzelman
![Identifying Prohibited Books in Early Modern Malta](../../../assets/img/500x280/dg-book-1_AIM-Proc-Crim-55-A-fol-50r-500x280.jpg)
Identifying Prohibited Books in Early Modern Malta
“Pope Paul IV (1476–1559) issued the Index Auctorum et Librorum Prohibitorum in 1559 to publicly identify books the...”
- Dr. Daniel K. Gullo
![“This Book is Free From Banned Content” — Ottoman Censorship of al-Yāzijī’s Arabic Lexicon](../../../assets/img/500x280/VZ_Figure-3-500x280.jpg)
“This Book is Free From Banned Content” — Ottoman Censorship of al-Yāzijī’s Arabic Lexicon
“The Lebanese poet, journalist, and linguist Ibrāhīm al-Yāzijī (1847–1906) has gained fame as a...”
- Dr. Vevian Zaki
![Ḫeruy Walda Śellāsē’s “History of Ethiopia”](../../../assets/img/500x280/HWS-IMAGE-2-500x280.jpg)
Ḫeruy Walda Śellāsē’s “History of Ethiopia”
“Printing reached Ethiopia rather late. In Europe, texts were occasionally printed in Ethiopic characters from...”
- Ted Erho
![Censorship Without Censorship](../../../assets/img/500x280/jm_Zamakhshar-500x280.jpg)
Censorship Without Censorship
“Maḥmūd ibn ʻUmar al-Zamakhsharī did not have an easy childhood. He was born in 1075 CE into a...”
- Dr. Josh Mugler
![A Book You Would Love to Read...](../../../assets/img/500x280/BB13-IMG_2096-500x280.jpg)
A Book You Would Love to Read...
“A book you would love to read is lost, altered, destroyed, buried, hidden, left unpublished, unwritten, banned.”
- Dr. Catherine Walsh and Margaret Bresnahan
![Sandwiching a Forbidden Text](../../../assets/img/500x280/mh-book-Figure-9-500x280.jpg)
Sandwiching a Forbidden Text
“The advent of the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century led to...”
- Dr. Matthew Z. Heintzelman
![ʻUmar al-Turūdī’s List of Unreliable Books](../../../assets/img/500x280/PN-books_1-500x280.jpg)
ʻUmar al-Turūdī’s List of Unreliable Books
“ʻUmar ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr al-Turūdī, was a scholar from Kebbi, present-day northern...”
- Dr. Paul Naylor
![Books that Survived the Ban — Syriac Manuscripts in India](../../../assets/img/500x280/JW-Books_3-500x280.jpg)
Books that Survived the Ban — Syriac Manuscripts in India
“Christianity has a long, rich history in India. Some even trace the origins of Christian communities in India to...”
- Dr. James Walters
![Lifted on Wings](../../../assets/img/500x280/MT-story-img_5-500x280.jpg)
Lifted on Wings
“Angels occupy an important place in monotheistic religions. They are mainly presented as celestial beings...”
- Sister Marie-Thérèse Elia
![Feeling the Heavens](../../../assets/img/500x280/cw-celestial-AARB_00301_013r-500x280.jpg)
Feeling the Heavens
“In summer of 1917, the New York-based artist Rockwell Kent made a bold decision.”
- Dr. Catherine Walsh
![Khwājahʹzādah’s Treatise on the Rainbow](../../../assets/img/500x280/CG-1_service-pnp-highsm-49600-49616v-500x280.jpg)
Khwājahʹzādah’s Treatise on the Rainbow
“Rainbows are optical illusions caused by the reflection, refraction, and...”
- Dr. Celeste Gianni
![The Stars of Ben-Zion](../../../assets/img/500x280/kg_1_AAP3353-500x280.jpg)
The Stars of Ben-Zion
“Born Ben-Zion Weinman in Starokostiantyniv, Ben-Zion came to New York City in...”
- Katherine Goertz
![Between the Sun and Moon](../../../assets/img/500x280/te-sun-IMAGE_3-500x280.jpg)
Between the Sun and Moon
“Today, depending on what communities you are a part of, your concept of a year may follow a calendar that is...”
- Ted Erho
![Astronomical Technology and Religious Practice in Islam](../../../assets/img/500x280/jm-stars-AKDI-1845-979-500x280.jpg)
Astronomical Technology and Religious Practice in Islam
“Astronomical observation is built into the most basic religious practices of the...”
- Dr. Josh Mugler
![Signs in the Heavens — Astrological Books of Daniel in Eastern Christianity](../../../assets/img/500x280/dc-stars-OLM_1887_114r_113v-500x280.jpg)
Signs in the Heavens — Astrological Books of Daniel in Eastern Christianity
“In Syriac Christian communities, astrological texts were sometimes appended to medical books and...”
- Dr. David Calabro
![A Tale of Two Bears — Astronomy in Austrian Libraries](../../../assets/img/500x280/mzh_Figure_7_500x280.jpg)
A Tale of Two Bears — Astronomy in Austrian Libraries
“When I was a boy, the night sky always fascinated me—stars, moon, planets, nebulae, comets, and...”
- Dr. Matthew Z. Heintzelman
![Why was Esau so Hungry? Genesis 25 in Arabic Manuscripts](../../../assets/img/500x280/story-vz_SMMJ__00267__119_500x280.png)
Why was Esau so Hungry? Genesis 25 in Arabic Manuscripts
“Among the well-known biblical narratives is that of the twins Jacob and Esau, and...”
- Dr. Vevian Zaki
![Smoking in the Desert — Between Supporters and Opponents of Tobacco](../../../assets/img/500x280/pn-ad-dessert-Image2-500x280.jpg)
Smoking in the Desert — Between Supporters and Opponents of Tobacco
“The use of tobacco in the Sahel, whether smoking, chewing, or taking as snuff, was widespread and...”
- Dr. Ali Diakite and Dr. Paul Naylor
![Soup, with a Side of Reform](../../../assets/img/500x280/cg-food-to_the_true_poor__the_wicked_rich_500x280.jpg)
Soup, with a Side of Reform
“A group of women cluster together, several clutching the handles of lidded pots...”
- Dr. Catherine Walsh
![The Gouda Life](../../../assets/img/500x280/kg-food-1_St_Malchus-500x280.jpg)
The Gouda Life
“Between 1585 to 1600 Maarten de Vos designed 141 engravings depicting hermits.”
- Katherine Goertz
![A Syriac Poem on Wine](../../../assets/img/500x280/jw-wine-1-500x280.jpg)
A Syriac Poem on Wine
“Who doesn’t love a good glass of wine? White, red, or something in between, authors throughout history...”
- Dr. James Walters
![A Man for All Seasonings](../../../assets/img/500x280/jm-food-22723_006-500x280.jpg)
A Man for All Seasonings
“It was the late 14th century, and Shīrāz was the city of poets.”
- Dr. Josh Mugler
![The Case of the Mysterious Pie and the Amsterdam Theater](../../../assets/img/500x280/cw-food-Image_5_Stilleven_SK-A-4646-500x280.jpg)
The Case of the Mysterious Pie and the Amsterdam Theater
“Pie. Today, for many, this tasty baked good with its short, flaky crust suggests associations of...”
- Dr. Catherine Walsh
![Arabian Nights of the Christian East](../../../assets/img/500x280/dmc-SOAA_0124_086_r_085_v-500x280.jpg)
Arabian Nights of the Christian East
“On a shelf in the Syriac Orthodox Church of Saint George in Aleppo is a manuscript copied in Arabic Garshuni...”
- Dr. David Calabro
![Want to Marry the Princess? Know thy Bible!](../../../assets/img/500x280/vz-1_PLB-HR-00001-500x280.jpg)
Want to Marry the Princess? Know thy Bible!
“Who hasn’t heard a fairy tale about a princess whose beauty moves the richest and...”
- Dr. Vevian Zaki
![The Story of the Talking Camel and the Exploits of Ali Genre in West Africa](../../../assets/img/500x280/pa-st-image1-500x280.jpg)
The Story of the Talking Camel and the Exploits of Ali Genre in West Africa
“While some elements of the story are fiction, others are clearly inspired by real events in Khaybar.”
- Dr. Ali Diakite and Dr. Paul Naylor
![Parabiblical Literature in the Horn of Africa](../../../assets/img/500x280/te-st-image-3-500x280.jpg)
Parabiblical Literature in the Horn of Africa
“Biblical narratives often leave the audience wanting to know a bit more.”
- Ted Erho
![Tracing Folktales in Magic Texts — The Story of Umm al-Ṣibyān](../../../assets/img/500x280/cg-st-Image_7-500x280.jpg)
Tracing Folktales in Magic Texts — The Story of Umm al-Ṣibyān
“Despite having been contested in Islamic history by powerful groups rejecting them as illegitimate practices, magic and...”
- Dr. Celeste Gianni
![Grave Tales, Engraved (and Etched)](../../../assets/img/500x280/kg-st-4_AAP0668-500x280.jpg)
Grave Tales, Engraved (and Etched)
“While many artists have provided illustrations for books, some works in the Art & Photographs collection at HMML were inspired by stories...”
- Katherine Goertz
![Ottoman Soap Operas and Other Stories](../../../assets/img/500x280/jm-ottoman-3_CFMM_00974_069r_068v-500x280.jpg)
Ottoman Soap Operas and Other Stories
“HMML’s digital collections include entertaining stories from a wide range of linguistic and...”
- Dr. Josh Mugler
![The Book of Laughable Stories — A Medieval Joke Book](../../../assets/img/500x280/jw-series-story-time-CFMM00441_005v-500x280.jpg)
The Book of Laughable Stories — A Medieval Joke Book
“Have you ever heard a great joke, but then later when you tried to recount it for someone else, you couldn’t remember it?”
- Dr. James Walters
![Malta Envisioned by an English Clergyman](../../../assets/img/500x280/cath-malta-7_HMAR_00026_36R-500x280.jpg)
Malta Envisioned by an English Clergyman
“The highlights of the island included the harbor of Valletta, an elaborate and protective harbor famous for...”
- Dr. Catherine Walsh
![Travelers and Texts Crossing the Sahara](../../../assets/img/500x280/pn-ad-travel-Image_2-500x280.jpg)
Travelers and Texts Crossing the Sahara
“Mobility was a central feature of individuals, societies, and texts within Muslim West Africa’s...”
- Dr. Ali Diakite and Dr. Paul Naylor
![The Journey of One Armenian Manuscript](../../../assets/img/500x280/m-travel-6-ACC_00060_021r_020v-500x280.jpg)
The Journey of One Armenian Manuscript
“In 1945, a pharmacist living in Lebanon—Manaseh Kaprielian—presented a 17th-century Armenian manuscript to...”
- Malina Zakian
![When in Rome...](../../../assets/img/500x280/matt-trav-1_AARB_00250_002-500x280.jpg)
When in Rome...
“Rome has long been a destination for travelers from around the world.”
- Dr. Matthew Z. Heintzelman
![Protecting Travelers and Maritime Contacts in the Eighteenth-Century Mediterranean](../../../assets/img/500x280/gullo-travel-4_HMML_00295-500x280.jpg)
Protecting Travelers and Maritime Contacts in the Eighteenth-Century Mediterranean
“The great Age of Sail conjures in our minds vast stretches of ocean populated by...”
- Dr. Daniel K. Gullo
![From Cairo to Mardin, Manuscripts on Camelback](../../../assets/img/500x280/c2m_3_CFMM00385_002r-500x280.jpg)
From Cairo to Mardin, Manuscripts on Camelback
“This note is the sole testament to the manuscript’s remarkable journey from Egypt to Mardin, a city in...”
- Dr. Vevian Zaki
![Traveling to France on Paper](../../../assets/img/500x280/travel-kath-5_AAP5193-500x280.jpg)
Traveling to France on Paper
“In the mid-19th century, a group of French artists began to reevaluate the art of...”
- Katherine Goertz
![Crossing the Red Sea in the 1640s](../../../assets/img/500x280/Shaharah-500x280.jpg)
Crossing the Red Sea in the 1640s
“In September 1647 CE, al-Ḥasan al-Ḥaymī left the port of al-Mukhā (Mocha) in...”
- Dr. Josh Mugler
![Medicine, Ritual, and Magic in Ethiopia](../../../assets/img/500x280/SJRB-00047-500x280.jpg)
Medicine, Ritual, and Magic in Ethiopia
“Towards the middle of the 15th century, the Ethiopian Emperor Zar’a Yā‘eqob, a prominent theologian and scholar, faced...”
- Ted Erho
![Quarantine in Malta, a Print of the Lazaretto from the Mużew Nazzjonali tal-Arti](../../../assets/img/500x280/HMZA_00227_500x280.jpg)
Quarantine in Malta, a Print of the Lazaretto from the Mużew Nazzjonali tal-Arti
“The increased activity of Malta’s ports after the Aragonese conquest in 1283 led to a...”
- Cláudia Garradas
![Medical Texts From Timbuktu — Local Pharmacological Remedies with Qur’anic Verses](../../../assets/img/500x280/1_SAV_ABS_02570_014-500x280.jpg)
Medical Texts From Timbuktu — Local Pharmacological Remedies with Qur’anic Verses
“In West Africa knowledge of the Qur’an was often combined with local pharmacological traditions to...”
- Dr. Ali Diakite and Dr. Paul Naylor
![An Anonymous Syriac Medical Compendium](../../../assets/img/500x280/DFM696-1-500x280.jpg)
An Anonymous Syriac Medical Compendium
“Many medical works from antiquity were translated into Syriac and transmitted through the...”
- Dr. James Walters
![A Tale of Two Herbals, From Medicine to Food in the 16th Century](../../../assets/img/500x280/two-herbals-500x280.jpg)
A Tale of Two Herbals, From Medicine to Food in the 16th Century
“Herbals—books describing the medicinal use of plants—have been important scientific sources for...”
- Dr. Matthew Z. Heintzelman
![Accounts on Plague and Infectious Diseases from Three Arabic Manuscripts](../../../assets/img/500x280/Image 2_DINL_0056-180_141RV-sm.jpg)
Accounts on Plague and Infectious Diseases from Three Arabic Manuscripts
“The disastrous impact of plague epidemics in the Middle East has been documented in numerous accounts...”
- Dr. Celeste Gianni
![Medical Care for the Enslaved Mustafa Osmon in 18th-Century Valletta, Malta](../../../assets/img/500x280/FPMPA1_00014_007_0003_sm.jpg)
Medical Care for the Enslaved Mustafa Osmon in 18th-Century Valletta, Malta
“The Archivum de Piro in Valletta, Malta preserves a small invoice and...”
- Dr. Daniel K. Gullo